Electrical accumulator.



N0. s7s,715. PATENTED DEG.17, 1907.

G.BUSOH. ELECTRICAL AGOUMUL'ATOR.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 25.1907.

WITNESSES J44 AT'TOBNEY are are CHARLES BUSOH, or ew YORK, N. r.

ELECTRICAL ACCU'MULATOB. i

specification of Letters Patent. Application filed June 25. 1967. Serial No. 380.674.

Patented iic; 17,1907.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, CHARLES Boson, a citizen of the United States, residin in the city of New York, county of New Yor and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electrical Accumulators, of which the following is a specification.

My invention in electrical accumulators relates to that type employing a lead salt usually an oxid as the active material in contact with lead electrodes.

Heretofore and revious to my invention, electrical accumufators of this type have been in vogue wherein the active material has been usually contained in a lead support or a support consisting of an alloy COI1l7tlHiI1 lead which usually assumed the form of a gri ormatrix, and were arranged in such a manner within a containing vessel, and an electrolyte carried therein as to expose opposing surfaces to the action of electrolysis when the accumulator was in action. The active material on the surface ofthe electrodes after a series of chemical changes having been reduced during the discharging operation to a lower degree of oxidation and uponvthe charging thereafter to a higher degree of oxidation began its activity at the surface of the supports and the chemical changes which took place in the active material during these op,- erations were progressive from the exterior as aforesaid to greater depths within the mass of active material during the operation of chemical activity. These chemical changes were usually accompanied by changes in volume of the active material within the grid or matrix which latter did not expand and contract in unison, and in consequence thereof, the active material became loosened from the support which resulted in the disintegration and precipitation of the active material and {inally in the breaking down of the accumuator.

It is the object of my invention to circumvent these difficulties while at the same time provide a form of accumulator cell which for a given uantity of material and for a given weight t ereof, will have a considerable increased capacity, while at the same time to provide one which will have a greater maximum discharge rate than any of those heretofore in vogue, embraced by this class, in so far as I am at present aware, and the manner whereby i attain these objects is illustrated in the drawings hereto attachedlflwhich form part of this specification, wherein,

Figure 1, illustrates a front, elevational view ofan accumulator cell embodying my invention with the upper portion thereof removed, showing the electrodes and the containing vessel partially in section, and Fig. 2 is a transverse section of the same taken on the line'22 of Fig. 1. y

In both views, similar characters of reference are employed to designate like'parts, wherein, .7 v V A depicts the usual type ofbattery jar, "which is ofwg-lass, celluloid, rubber or any other suitable non} conducting material which is acid roof. j

Within the 3 arA are my improved electrodes B and B, which are preferabl composed of chemically pure rolled sheet ead or'a lead alloy containing not over 2 0 of antimony. These are preferably formed In the manner of rectangular tubes withslightl rounded corners as illustrated in Fig. 2,fol ed in the manner of a closed box from sheet metal, so as to assume the tubularformation as illustrated more particularly'in Fig. 2, One of these electrodes B is employed as an anode and the other B as a cathode. Prior to *theformation of the electrodes by the folding of the metal into the formv of the respective boxes B and B as aforesaid, I perforate the two oppo site siufaces of each electrode, namely the surfaces, C and D of the electrode B and the surfaces E and F of the electrode B, whereby upon the formation of the said electrodes and their being positioned as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, the perforated surfaces E of the electrodes B will be opposite the perforated surfaces of the electrode B. The "aforesaid perforations are for the purpose of permitting a free circulation of the electrolyte G, which is preferably composed of one part'H SO to three parts H O, to andthrough the-interior of the electrodes Bi and B. i V

The anode B is provided with an interior active material composed of two parts PbG and one part PbO which is primarily in the dry powdered form. I mix this with a solution of ammonium sulfate and water or glycerin or a weak solution of sulfuric acid and water depending upon whether the material is to be transported without the electrolyte or whether the cell containing the electrodes is to be employed after its formation. In the former instance I have found that ammonium sulfate-when mixed. with these oxids of. lead, in order to reduce them to a paste is less subject to sulfating when lieujthereof, while for dry andiexposedto the atmosphere than when sulfuric acid and water is employed in have found glycerin to serve as for either. The aforesaid oxids of lead, af-

ter, being'i'mixed with eithenfof the aforesaidsolutions to the consistency of'jf'paste' is placed into the anode B, prior to the folding down of the cover plate H, after which the latter is closed down in the manner illu's f trated in, Fig. 1 4 I r y In order to provide fora circulation of the electrolyte through pthe anode B, 'I string capillary material-through the perforations b for which material I prefer to employ pure 1 undyed white animal wool, and pass the same able needle,

through the perforation b by means of a suits o as to form substantially a series of loops b Fig. 2. When a sufficient amount ,of the said wool is passed through the perforations b in tightly'pack the lat ter, the tension of the fibers of thestrands of 'wool,will prevent theo the manner aforesaid, to

posite walls and D I "of the anode .B from bu ging excessively due to the expansion of the active materiahcontained therein, and thus will serve the'purof bands to further maintain the integpose ofthe anode B. I pra'ividev a'plurality rity - of elastic bands (1, embracing the outer walls. of the anode B at longitudinal intervals.

These are preferably composed of, a suitable ads of rubber;

' Thecons tructionbf the electrodeB which n is disposed as a cathode is precisely-similar to that described for "active material'is made greater than the anode preferably ,similar to that of the oxid consists'of a mixture ofqone. part- =PbO andtwo partsand isfilled with paste the anode excepting th In order'to'separate theanode B from the l '1 "cathode Bf, employ a series of glass or hard rubber tubes e-disposed as illustrated in Fig.

and is turned up as is illustrated at".

' 2, between the perforations in the opposing This is a well-knownv wall's-of the electrodes. expedient and it is thought requires nofurtherdes cription;

In the formation ofthe leaden boxes constituting the anode B and the cathode B, a ortion of the lead is cut away from the cover to form-a pole. connection I. This is preferably in- 5 sulatedwith wax'or- .rubber to prevent electrolytic action, and-is carried through the cover Jgofth'e jar. asi llu'strated'm Fig. 1'. The 5 I @1613 m larly constructed and requires no 'furtherdescriptioni a I The. circulation of electrolytethroughout the mass of active-material of accumulator is effected through the envelop my improved general purposes, I a substitute as illustrated more clearly in the-anode B with the ex ception that the. capacity of the cathode for said Walls by means (if the capillary elements which pass through. the walls of the envelop and enter the mass ,of

I I The principle upon which the activity of the cell depends is involved in a series of local actions which have their origin at the surface-of the envelop or electrode of both anode and cathode. efiect will 'b e manifest by which issetmp in the process ofperoxidation when the base of chemical activity will be shifted gradually dation topoints 'of'lower oxidation-within the mass of active. material until finally, due to compensation, the entire mass will be' in In charg1ng,'th1s from points of higher-ext.

'ct'ive material withln and then effect communication with the exterior by extendingv through the envelop there-- a ter the counter E M. F

chemical equilibrium. It is during this ia'ci tion that the cap illary material plays a most important part in conveying from the exterior of the enveloped mass of active material to poi ts where positive and negative ions are being exchanged and united during electrolysis. Water and sulfuric acid is essential: to the chemical decomposition and recomposition the electrolyte -The replenishing oftaking [place and in fact, this distribution must precede any chemical change in the activematerial.

Duringlgel'e'ctro chemical analysis and synthesis, there will be considerable local action the active material of the anode as well as in th e cathode accompanied by sulfating and areduetion of the sulfate back. into ox'id, and upon discharging the action obv,iously will-be reversed. I

fIhave found in practice,'that short circuitingor over-charging does not have any deleterious effect on the active material 'or the support therefor, and in discharging so.

throughout the mass, it appears to be readily recovered by a number ofcharges and reversals n By the, contracting effect of the elastic rubber bands together withthetension of the woolen strands on the opposite walls of the. respective electrodes, contact between the support of the active material is continually maintained during the subsequent expansion and final contraction of the active material.

. Having fully described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure lay-Letters ment consisting of a. metallic envelop formed,

of a sheet of substantially non-corrosive active material 7 boxes andcapillary material 105 that the peroxid becomes critically reduced metal folded so as to foinria tube, active material contained Withinithe saidtube and the ends of the said envelop folded in so as to inclose the said active material, perforations in the Walls of the envelop and a capillary lacing passing throughthe perforations and uniting the opposite Walls in the manner of a sinuous In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of 10 two subscrlbing Witnesses.

CHARLES BUSOH.

Vitnesses EDUARD WEIMAR, CHAS. W. BUscn, Jr.

Winding; 

